PDF BookHistory of scientific ideas Volume 2 ; Being the First Part of the Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences

[Free.h18a] History of scientific ideas Volume 2 ; Being the First Part of the Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences

[Free.h18a] History of scientific ideas Volume 2 ; Being the First Part of the Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences

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Published on: 2012-05-13
Released on: 2012-05-13
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VOL. II.A PHILOSOPHER was asked:—How much does smoke weigh He answered: Subtract from the weight of the fuel the weight of the ashes, and thou hast the weight of the smoke. Thus he assumed as incontrovertible that, even in the fire, the Substance does not perish, only its Form undergoes a change. In like manner the proposition, Nothing can come of Nothing, was only another consequence of the Principle of Permanence, or rather of the Principle of the Enduring Existence of the same subject with different appearances.KANT, Kritik d. r. Vern.--THE PHILOSOPHY OF CHEMISTRY.CHAPTER I.ATTEMPTS TO CONCEIVE ELEMENTARY COMPOSITION.E have now to bring into view, if possible, the Ideas and General Principles which are involved in Chemistry,—the science of the composition of bodies. For in this as in other parts of human knowledge, we shall find that there are certain Ideas, deeply seated in the mind, though shaped and unfolded by external observation, which are necessary conditions of the existence of such a science. These Ideas it is, which impel man to such a knowledge of the Composition of bodies, which give meaning to facts exhibiting this composition, and universality to special truths discovered by experience. These are the Ideas of Element and of Substance.Unlike the Idea of Polarity, of which we treated in the last Book, these Ideas have been current in men's minds from very early times, and formed the subject of some of the first speculations of philosophers. It happened however, as might have been expected, that . in the first attempts they were not clearly distinguished from other notions, and were apprehended arid applied in an obscure and confused manner. We cannot better exhibit the peculiar character and meaning of these Ideas than by tracing the form which they have assumedand the efficacy which they have exerted in these successive essays. This, therefore, I shall endeavour to do, beginning with the Idea of Element.2. That bodies are composed or made up of certain parts, elements, or principles, is a conception which has existed in men's minds from the beginning of the first attempts at speculative knowledge. The doctrine of the Four Elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water, of which all things in the universe were supposed to be constituted, is one of the earliest forms in which this conception was systematized; and this doctrine is stated by various authors to have existed as early as the times of the ancient Egyptians 1 . The words usually employed by Greek writers to express these elements are apxn a principle or beginning, and The mode in which elements form the compound bodies and determine their properties was at first, as might be expected, vaguely and variously conceived. It will, I trust, hereafter be made clear to the reader that the relation of the elements to the compound involves a peculiar and appropriate Fundamental Idea, not susceptible of being correctly represented by any comparison or combination of other ideas, and guiding us to clear and definite results only when it is illustrated ... History of Western Philosophy - Journey in Being 2 GREEK PHILOSOPHY 2.1 RELIGIOUS ORIGINS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY. Two aspects of Greek religion are selected for their significance: Human Knowledge: Foundations and Limits Why is there something rather than nothing? Might the world be an illusion or dream? What exists beyond the human senses? What happens after death? History of evolutionary thought - Wikipedia Origin of life; History of life; Timeline of evolution; Human evolution; Phylogeny; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Classification; Evolutionary taxonomy; Cladistics Aristotle - Wikiquote Quotes Quotations from Aristotle are often cited by Bekker numbers which are keyed to the original Greek and therefore independent of the translation used. History of scientific method - Wikipedia The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules ... Hermann von Helmholtz (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Hermann von Helmholtz (18211894) participated in two of the most significant developments in physics and in the philosophy of science in the 19th century: the ... Science Timeline History of science timeline for biology chemistry physics geology mathematics and philosophy of science. This includes evolution biochemistry molecular biology ... Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (18061873) John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) profoundly influenced the shape of nineteenth century British thought and political discourse. Scientific Realism and Antirealism Internet Encyclopedia ... Scientific Realism and Antirealism. Debates about scientific realism concern the extent to which we are entitled to hope or believe that science will tell us what the ... Scientific Realism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Debates about scientific realism are centrally connected to almost everything else in the philosophy of science for they concern the very nature of scientific knowledge.
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